Is it possible to have seizures if you do not have epilepsy?
Many people think that epilepsy is the only cause of seizures. It might be the most common cause, but it is not the only reason. There are many other reasons behind having seizures. These following types of seizures called non-epileptic seizures or non-epileptic events. Usually, they not caused by abnormal electrical activity in the brain; however, they produced by physical problems as: –
Febrile seizures
It attacks children and caused by a high temperature higher than 100.4 F (38.0 C). Usually, Fevers caused by viral infection are more likely to cause febrile seizures than caused by a bacterial infection. It shows itself within 24 hours of the onset of a fever. There are two different types of febrile seizures:
- Simple febrile seizure:
A simple febrile seizure is the most common type. It lasts from a few seconds to 15 minutes. Which does not recur within 24 hours. Also, it is generalized and not specific to one part of the body.
- Complex febrile seizure:
This type lasts longer than 15 minutes. It occurs more than one time within 24 hours. Additionally, it is specific to one part of the body.
Meningitis
Meningitis is an infection caused by a virus or by bacteria, which leads to brain membranes swelling and the spinal cord. It can cause seizures.
Encephalitis
A case of inflammation of the brain usually caused by a viral infection. It can cause non-epileptic seizures.
Eclampsia
It is a condition that pregnant women suffered. This condition characterized by seizures and high blood pressure. Also, Non-epileptic seizures could be the reason for psychological conditions, such as stress, emotions, or subconscious thoughts.
How long do seizures last?
The duration of seizures depends on its type. It lasts from a few seconds to a few minutes.
What are typical absence seizures?
Typical absence seizures are the most common type of absence seizures. It is a type of generalized seizures, as they begin on both sides of the brain at the same time. It is most common in children between the age of 4 to 14 years old. The diagnosis takes many months and sometimes years as many people mistake it for daydreaming or not paying attention.
What are the symptoms of typical absence seizures?
- A sudden stop of all activities as motion or speaking. In which the patient looks as if he or she is staring into space.
- Eyelid flutter.
- Lip-smacking and chewing movement.
- A small movement of hands.
- The seizure lasts for a few seconds.
- After recovery, the patient cannot remember what happened during the seizure.
What is the main physiological cause for typical absence seizures?
Abnormal electric activity in the brain as all epileptic seizures.
What are the risk factors of typical absence epilepsy?
- Age: absence seizure is prevalent in children between 4 and 14 years old.
- Sex: this type of seizure is more common in girls than in boys.
- Genetics: A family history of epilepsy plays a highly influential role as about half of children with typical absences epilepsy have a close relative with seizures.
What is the diagnosis of typical absence seizures?
A good description of what happened during the seizure is quite critical in diagnosis. Usually, people who have seen the seizures before are the perfect describers.
Then the doctor will ask for more tests as
- Electroencephalography (EEG)
The doctor uses this test to measure waves of electrical activity in the patient’s brain. These waves got transmitted to the EEG machine through electrodes attached to the scalp of the patient. The pattern on the EEG during seizures differs from the standard one. During the EEG test, the seizure triggered by rapid breathing.
- Brain scans
Brains scan measured throughout Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). It produces a detailed image of the patient’s brain. This image helps the doctor to determine any problem like a stroke or a brain tumor.
What are the possible treatments for typical absence seizures?
1.Medications
Anti-seizure medications are the first-line treatment for typical absence seizures. The doctor begins with a low dose of anti-seizure pills. Then, he increases the dose gradually to control the patient’s seizures. If the seizures stoped for two years, then the patient could stop the medication. However, this should be under doctor supervision.
Here are some drugs used for the treatment of typical absence seizures: –
- Ethosuximide: is the drug of choice for absence seizures, as seizures respond well to it in most cases.
- Valproic acid: Doctors recommend that type of drug the most, for patients with both absence seizures and tonic-clonic seizures.
- Lamotrigine: it is the least effective drug, but it has fewer side effects.
2.Dietary therapy
The Ketogenic diet (high fat, low carbohydrate, and controlled protein diet) can improve the control of the seizures.
What are the types of epilepsy?
Knowing the type of epilepsy is very useful in choosing the suitable treatment.
There are two main classes of epilepsy, according to the type of seizure the patient suffered, which are: –
Generalized seizures:
Generalized seizures caused by abnormal electric activities on both sides of the brain.
There are six types of generalized seizures:
-
Tonic-clonic seizures:
It is also called a grand mal seizure. Seizures consist of two phases tonic phase and clonic phase. The seizure begins with Limbs’ stiffening (the tonic phase), followed by limbs’ jerking (the clonic phase).
The consequences of a seizure can be:
- Loss of consciousness.
- Mouth and tongue biting.
- Rare loss of bladder control.
After the seizure, the patient may be confused, want to sleep, and sometimes suffering from a headache.
- Myoclonic seizures
Myoclonic seizures are rapid, brief jerks or twitches of the body muscles. Usually, it occurs at the same time on both sides of the body, and it involves arms and legs.
- Tonic seizures
These seizures cause stiffening of the patient’s muscles. The seizures affect the back, arms, and leg muscles.
- Clonic seizures
These seizures are associated with repeated jerking muscle movements. Usually, seizures affect the neck, face, and arms.
-
Atonic seizures
These seizures cause a loss of muscle control, which causes sudden collapse or falls. Also, it called drop seizures.
- Absence seizures
Doctors also call it petit mal seizures. There are two types of absence seizures:
- Typical absence seizure.
- Atypical absence seizures.
Partial seizures:
Seizures caused by abnormal electric activities on one brain side.
There are three types of partial seizures:
- Simple partial seizures
There is no loss of consciousness during the simple partial seizure. These seizures alert emotions and how things look, smell, sound, or taste.
The seizures may result in jerking or twitches of a body part such as an arm or a leg.
-
Complex partial seizures
These seizures involve change or loss of consciousness. During the seizure, first, the patient stares into space. Then, he starts to perform repetitive movements, such as: –
- Hand rubbing.
- Chewing.
- Lips’ smacking.
- Walking in circles.
- Secondarily generalized seizures
These seizures begin in one side of the patient’s brain. Then, it spreads to both sides of the brain.
What are the treatments of different seizures types?
Selecting the treatment of epilepsy based on many factors. Type of the seizures a patient suffered is one of these factors
A. Treatment of generalized tonic-clonic seizures:
- Anti-seizure drugs:
The doctor will start with a low dose of one drug, then increase the dose gradually to control the seizures.
Some patients need more than one drug to control their seizures.
First-line drugs:
- Carbamazepine
- Lamotrigine
- Oxcarbazepine
- Sodium valproate
Adjunctive drugs:
- Clobazam
- Lamotrigine
- Levetiracetam
- Sodium valproate
- Topiramate
If the drugs cannot control the seizures, the doctor will try other types of therapy.
